Hurricanes, also known as cyclones or typhoons in different regions, are powerful tropical storms characterized by low-pressure systems and sustained winds of at least 74 miles per hour (119 kilometers per hour).
Hurricanes typically form over warm ocean waters, where the heat energy from the sea surface fuels the storm's development.
The center of a hurricane is called the eye, a region of calm weather surrounded by a wall of intense winds and thunderstorms known as the eyewall.
Hurricanes are categorized on the Saffir-Simpson scale from Category 1 (weakest) to Category 5 (strongest), based on wind speed and potential damage.
Tornadoes are violent windstorms characterized by a twisting, funnel-shaped cloud. They form from powerful thunderstorms and can cause severe damage along their narrow paths.
Tornadoes develop when warm, moist air interacts with cool, dry air, creating instability in the atmosphere. The rising air can then rotate, forming a tornado.
Tornado intensity is measured on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale, ranging from EF0 (weakest) to EF5 (strongest), based on estimated wind speeds and associated damage.
Tornadoes are most common in regions known as Tornado Alley, which includes parts of the central United States, where warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico meets cooler air from Canada.
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